This course is an introduction to the structure of the U.S. Constitution and the rights and liberties it defines. Judicial review, federalism, congressional powers and limits, the commerce clause, and the 10th Amendment are covered, as are the equal protection and due process clauses.

This is the second semester of the yearlong basic skills course in the first-year curriculum covering fundamental legal research techniques, two styles of legal writing, and oral advocacy. In this second semester, students write an appellate brief and present an appellate oral argument before a panel of alumni, faculty, and Dillard Fellows (upperclass teaching assistants).

The course is a general introduction to property concepts and different types of property interests, particularly real property. The course surveys present and future estates in land, ownership and concurrent ownership. Leasehold interests, gifts and bequests, covenants and servitudes, conveyancing, various land use restrictions, eminent domain, and intellectual and personal property issues are also considered.

This course is the first half of the combined four-credit Accounting/Corporate Finance course. This course provides an understanding of the concepts of financial accounting and published financial statements.

This course is the second half of the combined four-credit Accounting/Corporate Finance course. The central theme is understanding the sources of value for the firm from the perspective of the manager who must make financing choices (sources of funds) and investment choices (uses of funds) to maximize the value of the firm.

This course covers the role of agencies in the constitutional structure and their operations. Topics include the nondelegation doctrine, executive appointment and removal power, the legislative veto as well as the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and other sources of law that regulate and structure the authority of agencies to determine the rights and responsibilities of the public.Prerequisite: LAW 6001-Constitutional Law

This course considers the formation and operation of corporations and compares corporations to other business forms. It examines the roles and duties of those who control businesses and the power of investors to influence and litigate against those in control. The course also addresses the special problems of closely held corporations and issues arising out of mergers and attempts to acquire firms. The course uses both new tools derived from the corporate finance and related literature and traditional tools to explore a wide range of phenomena and transactions associated with the modern business enterprise.

The course will cover questions of relevance, hearsay, privilege, and expert testimony, among others, and it will focus largely on problems arising in concrete factual settings, as opposed to traditional case analysis. Major emphasis will be placed on the Federal Rules of Evidence, which now apply in the courts of roughly 40 states as well as the federal system.

This course is about the federal judicial system and its relationship to various other decision-makers, including Congress and the state courts. We will examine the jurisdiction of the federal courts; the elements of a justiciable case or controversy; the role of state law and so-called "federal common law" in federal courts; implied causes of action; and state sovereign immunity.

This course will concentrate on the provisions that apply to all taxpayers, with particular concern for the taxation of individuals. The course is intended to provide grounding in such fundamental areas as the concept of income, income exclusions and exemptions, non-business deductions, deductions for business expenses, basic tax accounting, assignment of income, and capital gains and losses.

This is the introductory course in public (government-to-government) international law. Topics include the International Court of Justice, the United Nations, recognition and statehood, diplomatic immunity, sovereign immunity, the law of the sea, torture, the Geneva and Hague Conventions, treaties, the European Union, and the World Trade Organization.

In Environmental Law, we address pollution control under the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts as well as natural resource protection under the National Environmental Policy Act and Endangered Species Act. Although the primary focus will be on federal law, we will also explore some local, state and international dimensions.

This class offers an introduction to transactional legal practice at the intersection of law and business. The course topics include initial entity formation, an overview of alternative fundraising transactions, and an examination of several other complex contracting transactions. Both legal and business considerations will be discussed.

This lecture explores the theoretical foundations of freedom of speech and how free expression doctrine has emerged in the United States. Though it focuses mainly on U.S. law, the course also takes a broader global perspective, exploring how and why the U.S. free speech tradition is exceptional (and whether it should be).

This course deals with the agency relationship and its consequences, focusing on such topics as contractual authority, vicarious liability, and fiduciary obligation. Using litigated cases, students will learn how to help clients structure their affairs in a manner consistent with their business goals, including minimizing unwanted liability.

This class studies American efforts to prevent the private subversion of free competition. In addition to analysis of the statutes and case law, students consider the history of antitrust regulation and the economic assumptions that drive much of its application.

This course will explore in detail some of the legal, theoretical, and practical issues raised by a debtor's financial distress. Principal emphasis will be on how the Federal Bankruptcy Code uses or displaces otherwise applicable law as the provider of rules that govern the relationships among debtors, creditors and others.

The seminar will explore the issues entailed in the drafting and uses of a constitution. To what extent do constitutions reflect universal values (such as human rights), and to what extent are they grounded in the culture and values of a particular people? How much borrowing goes on in the writing of a constitution?

This course examines the rules and principles that govern the resolution of multi-jurisdictional conflicts of laws in the United States. The central issue throughout the course is, simply, what law governs a multi-jurisdictional dispute? It considers various theoretical bases for choice of law principles, as well as the principal constitutional limitations on choice of law.

This course examines the constitutional jurisprudence that regulates the government's investigation of crime and apprehension of criminal suspects. In particular, the course will focus on the doctrines by which the judiciary polices the police, including the primary remedy (suppression of evidence) for police misconduct.

In contrast to the traditional labor law course, this course is an introduction to the diverse body of law that governs the individual employment relationship. The course examines a selection of the important issues that employment lawyers face in practice.

This course will examine the regulation of financial institutions, with an emphasis on federal regulation of banking.

This course examines legal responses to work-related health and safety issues. The worker's compensation system and the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) are studied in some detail.

The interpretation of legal texts is an important component of a wide variety of legal subjects. This course explores legal theories of interpretation and construction, linguistics, and the philosophy of language.

This course examines the constitutional and statutory doctrines regulating the conduct of American foreign relations.

This course will investigate criminal justice through a critical race theory (CRT) lens.

This course provides a working knowledge of basic insurance law governing insurance contract formation, insurance regulation, property, life, health, disability, and liability insurance, and claims processes. The emphasis throughout is on the link between traditional insurance law doctrine and modern ideas about the functions of private law.

This course studies the law governing how brands may be legally protected.

This course will explore the topic of pain as applied to a variety of legal contexts, including the constitutional limits on painful bodily intrusions, the application of tort law in reparations cases, and the use of civil rights litigation to redress pain.

This course focuses on the theory and practice of international human rights law including the basic principles as well as the international mechanisms and institutions established in the past half-century to protect human rights. The difficulties involved in converting those principles into practice and the effectiveness of different ways of using international human rights law to further human rights protection will also be explored.

This course will explore the regulation of land use, with an emphasis on the constitutional and environmental dimensions of land use law. The course will begin with the basic elements of the land development and regulation process, including the basics of planning and zoning. We will also address public ownership and private alternatives to regulation.

The course surveys the role of nonprofits, reasons for use of the nonprofit form, and the different types of nonprofit organizations, with particular attention to the statutes governing nonprofit corporations. Topics include the formation, dissolution, and governance of nonprofits, state regulation of charitable solicitations, and tax and tax policy issues related to nonprofits.

This course concerns the predominant law applicable to international sale of goods contracts, which is the U.N. Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (and UCC Art. 2 where applicable). It also covers payment devices, and why knowledgeable commercial actors employ certain kinds of clauses. No detailed knowledge of Article 2 or other parts of domestic sales law will be required.

Professional Responsibility. Enrollment not allowed in LAW 7071, 7072, 7134, or 7605 if any taken previously.

This course will offer a systematic overview of major contemporary theories of justice, with a special focus on their concrete implications for areas of legal doctrine. Coverage will include liberal, egalitarian, libertarian, communitarian, critical race theorists, and feminist theories of justice.

This course is designed to provide a survey of the spectrum of topics generally considered part of "health law." It will introduce the various institutions and players involved in health care delivery and the legal relationships between those institutions--at both the state and federal level.

This course covers the essential provisions and structure of Revised Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code. The law of secured transactions facilitates the taking of security interests by creditors to secure loans they make to debtors. The course aims to provide students with knowledge of the Code sufficient to enable them to structure secured transactions and litigate secured claims successfully.

This course explores the legal rules regulating professional and amateur sports. There is a substantial treatment of both Labor Law and Antitrust regulation, but neither course is a prerequisite.

This course will introduce students to law and public service, broadly defined to include all careers that serve the public interest, from litigating civil rights cases to prosecuting and defending criminal suspects to providing legal services for indigent clients to representing local, state, and federal government agencies to working for an international human rights organization and everything in between.

A web of constitutional, statutory, and judge-made laws regulate the American political process. This course will examine these laws and their implications for three broad and important issues: participation, aggregation, and governance. Participation involves the right to vote and various restrictions thereon, aggregation involves apportionment and redistricting, and governance involves campaign finance and the role of political parties.

Delaware courts have issued a line of decisions that sparked public debates and could have significant corporate law implications.  This lecture will examine those decisions in-depth.

This course will explore the web of interacting federal, state, and local laws that govern the police and police departments.

This course will provide an introduction to real estate transactions and financing, including mortgages, foreclosure, the regulation of mortgage lending, the secondary market for home loans, government intervention in the housing market, and details of land transactions such as contracts of sale, recording, and brokerage agreements.

This course explores the history, theory, and practice of community development, its contemporary emphasis on housing law and policy, and the role of law and lawyering within that professionalized field.

This course introduces students to the law, theory and practice of intellectual property transactions.

This course will consider artificial intelligence and machine learning from the perspective of law. Students will develop a basic understanding of the computer science underlying both artificial intelligence and machine learning, the ways in which the law is adapting (or failing to adapt) to artificial intelligence and machine learning, and the ways in which these technologies may be used by lawyers and legal researchers. Students need no background in computer science or coding.

This course focuses on the cross-cutting elements of risk regulation to provide students with a set of general tools and concepts that can inform area-specific advanced courses and be applied in many different practice settings. This course complements the material covered in Administrative Law.

The goal of this class is to introduce students to negotiation theory, with a focus on the collaborative negotiation method used by most successful negotiators today.

Federal law closely regulates employer-provided retirement, health, and welfare benefits. In this course, we will examine key federal statutes for this important and dynamic area of the law.

This lecture course will address the rapidly-changing field of computer crime and data privacy, surveying the major domestic authorities in the area, such as the Wiretap Act, the Pen/Trap statute, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, the Stored Communications Act, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, and the Fourth Amendment, as applied to computers.

Legislation and Regulation is an introduction to lawmaking in the modern administrative state. It will examine the way Congress and administrative agencies adopt binding rules of law (statutes and regulations, respectively) and the way that implementing institutions -- courts and administrative agencies -- interpret and apply these laws.

This course covers technical, ethical, and strategic aspects of eDiscovery, applying practical skills simulations and discussion to prepare law students for litigation practice.

Feminist jurisprudence is a field in which scholarly activity is rooted in a set of practices designed to excavate and revise the myriad ways in which law conditions the lived experiences of women, men, and children. In the course, we will study what are understood to be distinct schools of feminist jurisprudence and the forms of practice that each supports.

This course provides an introduction to privacy law, from its common law foundations to today's complex regulatory landscape. Topics discussed are expected to include the philosophical bases of privacy protection; internet and consumer privacy; health privacy; First Amendment issues; regulation and enforcement, including international approaches; and privacy by design.

This course will examine the traditional law of trade secrets and the federal statute with the goal of familiarizing students with the theoretical and doctrinal underpinnings of this area of legal practice.

A series of Law courses specific to military application. The series will be designated by different sections of the course.

Various short topics offered at the Law School.

In this short course, students will learn negotiation theories and techniques, and they will apply them to legal situations.

This short course covers prevailing mediation methods along with a survey of case law on legal and ethical issues associated with mediations along with simulated mediation scenarios to develop written and oral advocacy and negotiation skills.

Twentieth-century European legal theory was dominated by the question of what gives law its validity, whereas American legal theorists have been preoccupied with rather different questions. Yet in Europe and the United States, legal theorists have ultimately found themselves worrying about much the same set of problems.

This short course will examine the process by which monuments commemorating the Confederacy went up and the legal issues presented by attempts to take them down. The instructors were involved in several such cases involving monuments in Virginia. In doing so, we will discuss matters involving government speech, separation of powers, and the law of real property.

In this short course, we will focus on two of the formative periods of Jewish law -- biblical law and rabbinic law -- as well as the transition between these periods. We will highlight some of the main legal themes which were formed and crystallized during these periods, and which still provoke creative legal thought on contemporary legal issues.

This short course will provide an overview of federal sentencing policy and practice. Students will be introduced to the history and goals of sentencing, the types of sentences available to judges, the collateral consequences of conviction, and the sentencing reform movement that led to the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines.

This short course will cover the content and structure of different types of agreements used in cross-border business transactions, as well as the process by which these agreements are negotiated, the role of the lawyer in identifying and resolving underlying commercial issues, and the allocation of responsibility for decision-making between business leaders and lawyers.

This course explores the foundation of transformative justice through a lens of holistic defense.

The course will focus on the federal regulation of investment companies (mutual funds, close-end funds, ETFS) and their investment advisors.

The course will examine ethical & legal issues related to reproduction. While some historical coverage will take place, primary emphasis will be on current topics, such as abortion regulation, coerced medical interventions, conscientous provider accommodations, state ultrasound legislation, prenatal genetic testing, the pregnant woman in research, & regulation of the fertility industry.

This course explores the process of judicial decision-making and how lawyers influence those decisions, and how law clerks aid in the process, with a focus on analytical, writing, and communication skills that aid in the process.

This course is designed to provide students with a practical perspective on the governance and management of global law firms and how the structure of firms manifests itself in the culture of a firm.

This short course will focus on selected topics that pose contentious policy challenges for law enforcement, including crafting and implementing effective crime control strategies, implementing investigative practices that are both fair and useful, establishing rules to govern investigations of political activity, and calibrating use of force policies to maximize both officer and civilian safety.

The legal and regulatory environment governing the development, deployment and use of AI is rapidly evolving. This course will explore some of the most pressing issues in the areas of AI governance, AI safety, intellectual property protection, privacy, and regulated industries. It will explore approaches at the US state and federal levels, in other jurisdictions (Europe and Asia) and at the international level.

Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions of private companies is very different from public company transactions. This course explores the structuring and negotiating of private deals by strategic (another company) and financial (private equity) purchasers through detailed discussion of and exercises focused on actual transactions.

This discussion-based course will examine in depth a number of current topics in law, medicine, and society, such as organ transplantation, recent human research scandals, vaccination policy, unilateral treatment withdrawal, and posthumous reproduction. Topics vary year to year.

The course will focus on the prudential regulation of banking through capital, liquidity, and related requirements. It will begin by describing the business of banking before turning to prudential regulation and finishing with an in-depth look at the Liquidity Coverage Ratio in Basel III.

Developing a successful project proposal for a postgraduate public interest fellowship requires multifaceted research, creativity, and strategic advocacy. In this class, students interested in becoming public interest attorneys will learn about the process for developing a fellowship project; conduct research about a timely legal problem that motivates them; and design, in collaboration with others, the foundations for a compelling project.

This short course will explore the history of pro bono at law firms, how law firms partner with public interest organizations on impact litigation and policy reform, how law firms measure social impact, and the relationship between pro bono and other aspects of law firm practice and culture.

This course will cover the development of U.S. and international initiatives against public-official bribery; address cutting edge issues around key provisions of the FCPA and its extraterritorial application; related offenses such as money laundering and private sector bribery; and the anti-corruption legal practice, both before the DOJ and SEC, and advising clients.

This course examines print and electronic research. Topics include basic primary and secondary sources, including legislative history and administrative law; using Lexis and Westlaw; research in specialized areas and transnational law; business and social science resources; the role of the Internet in legal research; and nontraditional approaches to finding legal information.

This course deals with the tax considerations involved in the formation, operation, reorganization, and liquidation of corporations. It analyzes the relevant sections of the Internal Revenue Code and regulations and explores alternative directions that the law might have taken.

Patent protection is increasingly important in the knowledge economy. Advances in biotechnology, controversial uses of patent rights, and divergent court opinions are impacting this area in far-reaching ways. This course will explore many of these developments while maintaining a primary focus on the principal rules pertaining to patent protection and enforcement.

A survey of the income tax aspects of (1) foreign income earned by U.S. persons and entities, and (2) U.S. income earned by foreign persons and entities. The principal focus will be on the U.S. tax system, but some attention will be devoted to adjustments made between tax regimes of different countries through tax credits and tax treaties.

The course will examine the federal statutes and regulations relating to the sale of securities and the duties of issuers, underwriters, brokers, dealers, officers, directors, controlling persons, and other significant market participants. We will discuss the regulation of public and private offerings, trading markets, and disclosure and corporate governance of publicly traded companies.Enrollment not allowed in LAW 8016 or 8017 if either taken previously.

The course is organized and presented primarily for students who intend to practice law in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The course includes a study of the Virginia judicial system and problems of jurisdiction and venue within that system; pleading and practice both at law and in equity; a study of the Rules of Court; and the procedural statutes and applicable case law.

In this course, students will learn in detail the rules and procedures associated with taking depositions in federal litigation. This is a hands-on, practical problem simulation course.Prerequisite: LAW 6000 Civil Procedure and LAW 6104 Evidence

This is the second semester of a yearlong clinical course providing students the opportunity to brief and argue one or more appeals before a federal appeals court. The rules and procedures applicable in the federal appellate system will be examined. Fundamentals of oral and written appellate advocacy will be discussed, with a focus on each student's individual work project.

This is the second semester of a yearlong clinic offered in conjunction with JustChildren, a program of the Legal Aid Justice Center in Charlottesville. Students may represent children with legal issues in the areas of education law, laws governing access to services for incarcerated children, mental health and developmental disabilities law, and foster care and social services law. Students will be given an opportunity to work on policy issues. Prerequisite: 2nd-year or 3rd-year Law

The semester-long Criminal Defense Clinic provides a first-hand, experience-based study of the processes, techniques, strategy, and responsibilities of legal representation at the trial level.

This is the second semester of a yearlong clinic offered in cooperation with the Legal Aid Justice Center and local attorneys. The clinic is designed to give students first-hand experience in the practice of employment law, from both the plaintiff and defense side.

Offered in conjunction with the Legal Aid Justice Center, this is the second semester of a year-long clinic that teaches and develops trial skills using housing law as the substantive background, and eligible students appear and argue in local courts.

In this clinic, students can choose to work exclusively with patent attorneys drafting, filing, and prosecuting patent applications or working exclusively with licensing agents to draft license agreements, negotiate licensing terms and conditions, prepare confidentiality agreements, and marketing documents.

This is the second semester of a yearlong clinic in which students explore a range of practical, ethical, and intellectual issues involved in the discharge of a prosecutor's duties and responsibilities including discovery and exculpatory evidence, duty not to prosecute on less than probable cause, cross-warrant situations, prosecution of multiple defendants and joint trial, witness recantation and preparation, and improper argument at trial.

This is the second semester of a yearlong clinic introducing students to all aspects of current U.S. Supreme Court practice through live cases. Working on teams, students will handle actual cases from the seeking of Supreme Court review to briefing on the merits.

This is the second semester of a yearlong clinic to investigate three potential wrongful convictions of incarcerated individuals in the state of Virginia. One case will have forensic evidence (usually DNA) that could potentially be tested, and two will be non-DNA cases. Student will interview potential clients and witnesses, review case files, collect records, search court files and more.

This is the second semester of a yearlong clinical course providing students the opportunity to work with nonprofit organizations and assist with legal issues in their formation and day-to-day operations.

This is the second semester of a yearlong clinical course offering law students the opportunity to gain practical legal experience involving timely free speech and press issues. Supervised by the legal staff of the Thomas Jefferson Center, students work as a team in conducting legal research, meeting with clients and co-counsel, and drafting legal memoranda and briefs. Prerequisite:2nd-year or 3rd-year Law

The clinic involves instruction and practical training on advising start-up companies and drafting basic corporate documentation. As part of the clinic, students will work with and advise Darden students who have been accepted to participate in the Darden Business Incubator.

This is the second semester of a year-long clinical course that gives students first-hand experience in human rights advocacy under the supervision of international human rights lawyers. Prerequisite: 2-yr or 3-yr JD LAW

The Environmental Law and Community Engagement Clinic fits within the Law School's Program in Law, Communities, and the Environment (PLACE). Students in this semester-long clinic have the opportunity to work on real-world environmental cases in a variety of venues - before courts, administrative agencies and public utility commissions.

This is the second semester of a yearlong course that requires students to participate in case work in both the fall and spring semesters. In addition, in the fall, there will be a seminar which will meet once a week. Students will learn basic information about various consumer protection statutes while doing exercises covering the entire range of client representation.

Students in this second semester of a yearlong clinic represent mentally ill and elderly clients in legal proceedings, negotiations, administrative hearings and court proceedings (to the extent permitted by law) on a variety of legal matters.

This is the 2nd half of a year-long clinic (LAW 8647 & LAW 8648)

This seminar explores the legal and regulatory structures affecting foreign investors seeking to participate in the development of so-called "emerging markets" and in particular in the restructuring of formerly socialist economies.

This seminar considers the principal tax and non-tax aspects of estate planning, with emphasis on sophisticated tax planning techniques for wealthy individuals. Prerequisites: 2nd - or 3rd - year JD

This is the 2nd semester of a year-long course using a mock litigation as a lens for studying issues in international tax law. The case study may implicate domestic tax law of any jurisdiction, tax treaties, and EU law. Students will be given a fact-pattern and will identify legal issues raised by the fact pattern. Students will draft briefs for both the government and taxpayer on the issues raised by the mock litigation.

This is the 2nd half of a year-long Civil Rights Clinic in which students work on cases that have potential to provide real and concrete relief and legal support to people and communities that have been harmed by the criminalization of poverty and other forms of discrimination or deprivation of rights.

This course is the second half of a year-long clinic. Students in this clinic provide research and analytical assistance to members of the Virginia General Assembly, officials in state executive branch agencies, and/or local government officials as they develop legislative or policy proposals and, when appropriate, assist their government clients in advocating for the proposals or legislative ideas they develop.

Many federal defendants are serving sentences in excess of what they would receive for the same offense today, due to errors in the original case, changes in law that were not made retroactive, and/or evolving community standards. Students in this clinic will work to reduce the sentences of indigent federal defendants and gives students a unique opportunity to practice in federal court.

This course focuses on the common economic problems, such as moral hazard, information asymmetry, and rent-seeking, that drive deal structuring and deal contracting. Students will apply economic tools, such as alternative contractual regimes, transaction costs, and risk-sharing to evaluate and solve economic problems in a variety of real-world deals.

The Holistic Youth Defense Clinic will provide students an opportunity to practice holistic and zealous lawyering by representing juvenile clients on delinquency matters, as well as related school discipline and special education matters, in order to help keep youth in their homes, schools, and communities with appropriate supports. Law students will have the opportunity to handle cases from the initial intake to the case disposition.

The clinic can be taken whether or not a student has taken LAW 8671 (Comm Org & Soc Ent Clinic I). The clinic assists clients with structured, team-based problem solving through collaborative engagement with community groups.

This is the second half of a year-long clinic aiming to take on collaborative projects to produce hard facts and reliable data for all types of organizations in the criminal justice reform movement needing that information.

This is the second half course of a year-long clinic to develop legal skills for supporting formerly incarcerated people and their families with resolving the collateral consequences of incarceration, while empowering their clients and the communities to which they return to create sustainable systemic change and drive community economic development.

This is the second semester of a yearlong practicum in which selected upper-level students serve as teaching assistants in the law school's Legal Research and Writing Program.

This field experience is one part of a two-part full-time externship combining academic study and work experience under the supervision of a faculty member and an educational, charitable, governmental or nonprofit host organization.

This directed study is one part of a two-part full-time externship combining academic study and work experience under the supervision of a faculty member and an educational, charitable, governmental or nonprofit host organization.

This course continues to introduce LL.M. students to the fundamentals of U.S. legal research materials, methods, and strategies as well as various forms of legal writing.

This field experience is one part of a two-part externship combining academic study and work experience under the supervision of a faculty member and an educational, charitable, governmental or nonprofit host organization.

This directed study is one part of a two-part externship combining academic study and work experience under the supervision of a faculty member and an educational, charitable, governmental or nonprofit host organization.

Eligible students receive credit for serving as research assistants supervised by selected law school faculty members.

This course is a semester-long independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is a semester-long independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member

This course is a semester-long independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is the first semester of a yearlong independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is the second semester of a yearlong independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is the first semester of a yearlong independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is the second semester of a yearlong independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is the second semester of a yearlong independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

Eligible students receive 2 credits for participating in a sustained, productive and educationally valuable project for at least 85 hours of work supervised by an eligible faculty member.

This course is the second semester of a yearlong international combined-degree with University Paris 1 Pantheon - Sorbonne Law School and Sciences Po/Paris in which selected students can participate during their third year.

The fellow for the International Tax Practicum will be a rising 3L, typically one who took the Practicum in the previous year. The fellow will work with the instructor to develop tax-treaty practice problems and litigation scenarios to be completed by the students; give students written feedback on their responses to the problems and/or cases, and meet with students (together with the instructor) to provide oral feedback.

This course develops advanced oral advocacy skills, including effective performance techniques, writing for speaking, and the ability to handle difficult speaking situations.

This seminar provides students with knowledge regarding the history, development and salient legal issues facing tribal nations in the United States.

This seminar will explore the legal issues pertaining to animals, the laws that govern their treatment, as well as a number of topics that fall within the general headings "animal law" and "animal rights." We will examine the historical and philosophical treatment of animals, and how those views impact the way law currently governs treatment and use of animals.

This course interrogates the role of corporations in frameworks of law and global governance and engages with their contributions, both positive and negative, to the attainment of social priorities.

This seminar focuses on the intersections of constitutional theory, political history, and democratic legitimacy.

This course treats oral advocacy as an effort to persuade any audience of the merits of a cause or proposal and of the credibility of the proponent. The first seven weeks treat advocacy in settings outside the courtroom. The last half deals with advocacy in the most common trial settings: direct and cross-examination, opening statements, closing arguments and appellate advocacy. Mutually Exclusive with LAW 7626, 9055, and 9185.

The rise of creative "artificial intelligence" poses deep issues concerning the extent to which rights protecting creativity should be limited to human creativity alone. This seminar will examine the rapidly evolving law on these issues both in the United States and in foreign countries and will also discuss the relevant economic and policy considerations.

This seminar begins with an overview of writings about the freedom of religion, including both philosophical and historical treatments. Following weeks consist of a close critique of one (relatively short) law review article on the subject. The principal objectives are to sharpen skills of close reading and critical analysis as well as to deepen understanding of the difficult issues surrounding the freedom of religion. Prerequisite: Constitutional Law.

Mergers and acquisitions are reviewed under antitrust laws, with an emphasis on U.S. antitrust law at the federal level. Topics include market definition and measures of market concentration; theories of liability for anticompetitive horizontal, vertical, and conglomerate mergers; methods for predicting anticompetitive effects; failing firm, efficiencies, and other defenses; remedies; and enforcement mechanics.

Participants in this seminar will explore the legal, literary, and cultural mechanisms that amplify the voices of some speakers, while silencing the voices of others.

From the founding of this nation to the present, Asian Americans have been at the center of many legal controversies with profound implications for American society. This seminar will examine the legal history of people of Asian descent in the United States.

In this seminar, students are prepared for work in the trial court and for the atmosphere of the courtroom. Students will be given the opportunity to perform one or more of the functions of trial lawyers on their feet, such as direct and cross examination, opening statements, handling of exhibits, objections, and closing argument.

This is the second semester of a yearlong seminar designed to enhance students' understanding of ethical issues and address the broader ethical and moral responsibilities of the lawyer as citizen and leader.

This course explores the breadth and scope of the work of state attorneys general, as well as the limitations, constraints, and ethical challenges they face.

This course will introduce the student to the full scope of the contemporary law of war including international humanitarian law, centered on the Geneva Conventions, customary practice, numerous other treaties such as the Hague accords of 1899 and 1907, and rulings in hundreds of war crimes trials. It will contain a mixture of humanitarian and pragmatic concerns.

In this course, students will learn individual and team leadership skills, communications skills, and time and meeting management techniques to create the most positive impact in the public, private or non-profit sectors using real-life case studies, current events and class exercises that place students in situations where they are being called upon to lead.

Legal practice and research increasingly involve analysis of big data to resolve legal questions, and the importance of quantitative analysis is likely to grow. Also, legal employers may value lawyers who have at least basic familiarity with empirical research methods. This is the second half of a year-long course introducing students to empirical methods. No experience with statistics or quantitative analysis is required or expected.

The past decade has witnessed rising geopolitical tensions, and as states have become wary of interdependence, questions arise: can the international legal regimes that govern international trade, investment, and finance survive? How can they adapt? This seminar will explore these questions.

This course is a forum for students to engage with their peers, faculty, and invited scholars on cutting-edge issues in criminal law, criminal procedure, and criminal justice policy. Each week, we will focus on a scholar and read a sampling of their work; the following week, that scholar will join us to present their most recent work.

Protest or riot? Civil disobedience or insurrection? Cities, universities, and other governmental entities must simultaneously protect free speech and public safety while managing mass demonstration events. The legal, ethical, and practical issues presented by these events will be the focus of this course.

This seminar is aimed at giving students a full view of Political Law as a field from a legal practitioner's standpoint. Topics include constitutional and public policy underpinnings of regulation, formation and entity choice, campaign finance, lobbying, and foreign participation. Voting rights, redistricting, and election law will not be covered.

This seminar will be jointly offered in the Law School and the Department of Environmental Sciences and co-taught by members of those departments. The course will use several species restoration initiatives of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) to study biodiversity conservation.

This course is intended to introduce students to the theories behind the public utility--both historically and in its new iterations. Students will learn about public utility regulation as the precursor to much of modern administrative law.

The goals of this course are (i) to introduce students to transactional law, (ii) to provide negotiations training in the context of transactional practice, and (iii) to further practical legal skills. The focus is on having students apply their legal and non-legal knowledge in the context of serving as a lawyer negotiating an international business transaction within the controlled environment of the classroom.

This course seeks to complement the law school's robust trial advocacy curriculum by focusing on the litigation that takes place before trial, and how every step in a case's lifespan affects the ultimate outcome of the case. Students will focus on developing their advocacy skills in the pretrial motion process and gaining a practical understanding of the increasingly important role of discovery in civil cases.

This seminar will focus on the history and law of the financial infrastructure of our nation's government.

This is a colloquium inviting scholars writing in public law to present works in progress. The class will meet to dissect the work before having the scholar present the work to the group.

This course is designed for students in the Program in Law & Public Service and/or students considering a public-interest career. During the seminar, we will confront pressing questions of what it means to be a lawyer working in the public interest.

This course considers European legal regimes as they moved around the globe. It examines those regimes interactions with one another and with non-European legal cultures from roughly 1500 to 1900.

The course enables students to spend time in administrative settings within the UVA Medical Center as "participant-observers," in order to gain first-hand experience of the subject matter that is the focus of the theory, teaching, and practice of ethics, law, and health policy in relation to the organization and operation of healthcare institutions.

This is the second semester of a yearlong study project. Part of the class will be focused on identifying research topics in advance of a fieldwork trip to a site country to be determined. The second goal of the class is to practically prepare for human rights fieldwork.

The statutes, regulations, case law and other requirements that govern the Federal Government's expenditure of over $500 billion every year are addressed in this seminar. The course serves as an introduction to this body of law, which can be described as a blend of traditional contract law, administrative law and litigation practice.

This seminar will explore planning techniques and legal issues surrounding protection of landscapes of natural, historical and cultural value and public uses of those landscapes. The seminar will be conducted in coordination with seminars in the Architecture School and the Department of Environmental Sciences.

In each meeting, a leading scholar will present a current legal research paper using the methodology of law and economics.

This course will focus on federal criminal proceedings and introduce students to the stages of a federal prosecution by following a case from indictment through trial.

This seminar will explore the legal authorities underlying the executive branch's use of economic tools of national security, the role that Congress plays in authorizing and overseeing executive branch actions, and the role of courts in reviewing challenges from regulated parties.

This course takes a deep dive into the prosecution and defense of professional liability cases. Students will learn how to prosecute and defend professional liability cases while gaining competency with the nuts and bolts of pretrial and trial litigation generally.

In the United States, education serves as the foundation of our democracy and economy. Law and policy determine the quality of educational opportunities in the United States. Although law and policy have made substantial inroads in reducing discrimination in education, they also tolerate and exacerbate inequalities in educational opportunities that influence the academic, professional and social outcomes of students and communities.

This course will examine how law and policy have shaped the provision of education inside prisons, review social science research regarding their effectiveness, and discuss contemporary debates taking place in Congress and state capitols. We also will discuss a range of innovative models to address a long_debated question: are prisons designed for corporal punishment, human improvement, or a combination thereof?

The goal of the seminar is to give students a grounding in the theory of privacy law -- our evolving conceptions of privacy and its necessity for a life of meaning and love.

This class explores a variety of topics that arise in the practice of business law. The colloquium will include classroom overview lectures and featured guest speakers who will discuss their professional experiences as practitioners in various areas of law and business.

For doctoral research taken under the supervision of a dissertation director.