This course covers the procedures courts use in deciding lawsuits that do not involve criminal misconduct. Much of it is concerned with the process of litigation in trial courts, from the initial documents called pleadings, through the pre-trial process, especially the process of discovery in which parties obtain information from one another, to trial itself.

This course examines the legal obligations that attach to promises made in a business contract or otherwise, including the remedies that may be available for promises that are not kept. The course examines the legal requirements for enforceable contracts, including consideration, consent and conditions, and the effect of fraud, mistake, unconscionability, and impossibility.

This course explores the basic principles of Anglo-American criminal law, including the constituent elements of criminal offenses, the necessary predicates for criminal liability, the major concepts of justification and excuse, and the conditions under which offenders can be liable for attempt. Major emphasis is placed on the structure and interpretation of modern penal codes.

This is the first semester of the yearlong basic skills course in the first-year curriculum covering fundamental legal research techniques, two styles of legal writing, and oral advocacy. In this first semester, students complete various research and citation exercises and write three office memoranda of increasing length and complexity.

The course examines liability for civil wrongs that do not arise out of contract. It explores three standards of conduct: liability for intentional wrongdoing, negligence, and liability without fault, or strict liability, and other issues associated with civil liability, such as causation, damages, and defenses. Battery, medical malpractice, products liability, and tort reform will also be covered.

This course is the first half of the combined four-credit Accounting/Corporate Finance course. This course provides an understanding of the concepts of financial accounting and published financial statements.

This course is the second half of the combined four-credit Accounting/Corporate Finance course. The central theme is understanding the sources of value for the firm from the perspective of the manager who must make financing choices (sources of funds) and investment choices (uses of funds) to maximize the value of the firm.

This course covers the role of agencies in the constitutional structure and their operations. Topics include the nondelegation doctrine, executive appointment and removal power, the legislative veto as well as the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and other sources of law that regulate and structure the authority of agencies to determine the rights and responsibilities of the public.Prerequisite: LAW 6001-Constitutional Law

This course considers the formation and operation of corporations and compares corporations to other business forms. It examines the roles and duties of those who control businesses and the power of investors to influence and litigate against those in control. The course also addresses the special problems of closely held corporations and issues arising out of mergers and attempts to acquire firms. The course uses both new tools derived from the corporate finance and related literature and traditional tools to explore a wide range of phenomena and transactions associated with the modern business enterprise.

The course will cover questions of relevance, hearsay, privilege, and expert testimony, among others, and it will focus largely on problems arising in concrete factual settings, as opposed to traditional case analysis. Major emphasis will be placed on the Federal Rules of Evidence, which now apply in the courts of roughly 40 states as well as the federal system.

This course will concentrate on the provisions that apply to all taxpayers, with particular concern for the taxation of individuals. The course is intended to provide grounding in such fundamental areas as the concept of income, income exclusions and exemptions, non-business deductions, deductions for business expenses, basic tax accounting, assignment of income, and capital gains and losses.

This is the introductory course in public (government-to-government) international law. Topics include the International Court of Justice, the United Nations, recognition and statehood, diplomatic immunity, sovereign immunity, the law of the sea, torture, the Geneva and Hague Conventions, treaties, the European Union, and the World Trade Organization.

This course examines legal and policy challenges stemming from rapidly evolving cybersecurity threats. The objective of the course is to contextualize cybersecurity threats and responses to them in a national and international law framework, while also recognizing the limits of current law, the need for further policy evolution, and the real-world impacts of different legal and policy options. No technical knowledge is required.

This class studies American efforts to prevent the private subversion of free competition. In addition to analysis of the statutes and case law, students consider the history of antitrust regulation and the economic assumptions that drive much of its application.

This course examines the rules and principles that govern the resolution of multi-jurisdictional conflicts of laws in the United States. The central issue throughout the course is, simply, what law governs a multi-jurisdictional dispute? It considers various theoretical bases for choice of law principles, as well as the principal constitutional limitations on choice of law.

This course examines the two clauses in the Bill of Rights which define and safeguard religious freedom - the one barring laws "respecting an establishment of religion" and the other protecting the "free exercise of religion." Is Mutually Exclusive with Religious LibertyPrerequisite: LAW 6001 - Constitutional Law

This course looks at the way the judicial system operates once criminal charges are filed. Topics include bail and preventive detention, the right to the effective assistance of counsel, prosecutorial discretion and plea bargaining, the right to trial by jury, appeals from criminal convictions, and habeas corpus review.

This course examines the constitutional jurisprudence that regulates the government's investigation of crime and apprehension of criminal suspects. In particular, the course will focus on the doctrines by which the judiciary polices the police, including the primary remedy (suppression of evidence) for police misconduct.

This course focuses upon the principal federal statutes prohibiting discrimination in employment on the basis of race or sex, especially Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. It also examines the federal constitutional law of racial and sexual discrimination, primarily as it affects judicial interpretation of the preceding statutes.

This course will examine the regulation of financial institutions, with an emphasis on federal regulation of banking.

This course considers the Food and Drug Administration as a case study of an administrative agency that must combine law and science to regulate activities affecting public health and safety.

This course explores the substantive provisions of U.S. immigration law and the procedures for deciding immigration-related issues.

This course examines the law - domestic, foreign, and international - governing international business transactions. Areas may include trade and investment treaties, corporate law and securities regulation, commercial sales, employment discrimination, human rights, anti-corruption, intellectual property, dispute resolution and sovereign debt.

This course is designed to provide a general introduction to the practice of law under the National Labor Relations Act from the late 1800s through passage of the Wagner Act (1935) and its modification by the 1947 Taft-Hartley amendments. We will review the Act's concept of concerted, protected activity, unfair labor practice or "ULP" and the way ULPs are processed through the Board and courts.

This course will examine both the theory and the practice of statutory interpretation. We will become familiar with the canons of construction frequently invoked by courts. Finally, we will consider some specialized but important topics in statutory interpretation, such as doctrines of severability and pre-emption.

The course surveys the role of nonprofits, reasons for use of the nonprofit form, and the different types of nonprofit organizations, with particular attention to the statutes governing nonprofit corporations. Topics include the formation, dissolution, and governance of nonprofits, state regulation of charitable solicitations, and tax and tax policy issues related to nonprofits.

Following the 9/11 attack, one of the fastest growing areas of legal inquiry has been national security law. This course is a comprehensive introduction, blending relevant international and national law.

Professional Responsibility. Enrollment not allowed in LAW 7071, 7072, 7134, or 7605 if any taken previously.

This course will examine selected areas of professional responsibility, including the creation and termination of the attorney-client relationship, the scope of representation, conflicts of interests, confidentiality, and the attorney's ethical obligations during litigation. In addition, the course will address the attorney's relationships with the courts, the organized bar, and the community.Prerequisite:Enrollment not allowed in LAW 7071, 7072, 7134, or 7605 if any taken previously.

This course deals with the uses of social science by practitioners and courts. The roots of social science in legal realism are considered, and the basic components of social science methodology are introduced. No background in methodology or statistics is necessary. Both applications in the criminal context and in civil law will be considered.

This course explores the legal rules regulating professional and amateur sports. There is a substantial treatment of both Labor Law and Antitrust regulation, but neither course is a prerequisite.

This course introduces the institutions and rules governing international trade. The principal focus is the World Trade Organization and its rules governing tariffs, non-tariff barriers, dumping, subsidies, trade in services, health and safety standards, and intellectual property rights, as well as its international dispute settlement mechanism. The course also covers the U.S. legal framework for international trade relations.

This course covers advanced and applied topics in estate planning and probate, wealth management, trust and estate administration, and trust, estate, and fiduciary litigation. The course focuses on the role of an attorney as executor or trustee, and the role of an attorney in advising executors, trustees, and beneficiaries.

The economic analysis of law has generated foundational insights and a handful of Nobel prizes. It guides many scholars, judges, practitioners, and policy-makers, and it provides one of the major theoretical perspectives on the study of law. This course introduces the topic.

The goal of this class is to introduce students to negotiation theory, with a focus on the collaborative negotiation method used by most successful negotiators today.

Roman law developed over the course of more than one thousand years, and it continues to influence contemporary legal systems throughout the world. In this course, we will examine the portions of Roman private law that correspond to Anglo-American contract, tort, property, and family law.

This course is a survey of the development of private and public law in twentieth century America. Topics to be covered include jurisprudence, legal education, foreign relations law, the emergence of administrative law, the constitutional dimensions of equal protection, due process, and free speech law, and the relationship of law and politics in America.

This course introduces LLM candidates who have received their law degrees from foreign universities to certain structural and historic aspects of the U.S. legal system.

Course description: This course examines the role of race in the criminal justice system, and the role of law in both causing and countering racial injustice in that system. The course will proceed through each major stage of the criminal justice process -- policing, prosecution, adjudication, and punishment -- identifying important racial issues that arise at each stage and exploring how the law creates and responds to those issues.

This course focuses on the legal topics and skills required to successfully negotiate and document a public private partnership for a real estate transaction.

This class examines exchanges and transactions that are traditionally repugnant, and sometimes illegal. Importantly, what constitutes a repugnant transaction is culturally dependent, changing over time and across cultures. For example, typical repugnant transactions in modern western societies include organs, blood, babies, sexual relations, votes for money, and a wide range of other issues.

"This class will explore the topic of taboo trades (e.g. prostitution, marijuana, paying college athletes) through the production of a weekly podcast in with a guest scholar, lawyer, or regulator. Students will read relevant work of the guest and develop questions and content for the podcast. Two students will be ""guest producers"" for each podcast and take the lead in selecting questions and materials, and help conduct the interviews."

This course will examine the traditional law of trade secrets and the federal statute with the goal of familiarizing students with the theoretical and doctrinal underpinnings of this area of legal practice.

This class covers major themes in federal poverty law policy and then focuses on national and local policies on specific issues. It will consider the role of lawyers in planning, achieving, and implementing reforms, and particularly the techniques, strategies, challenges, and struggles in ensuring that people living in poverty have access to advocacy.

This short course will examine traditional principles of private international law in the context of the rapidly changing global business environment. Areas covered will include the concept of international jurisdiction, choice of law rules in inter-jurisdictional contracts and in internet transactions, the implications of electronic commerce for private international law, and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments.

This short course is designed to help students improve their ability to communicate persuasively in the wide variety of settings in which non-litigators are called upon to speak including client meetings, business negotiations, and presentations to public agencies. Mutually Exclusive with LAW 9053, 9055, and 9185. Enrollment not allowed in LAW 7626, 9053, 9055, or 9185 if any taken previously.

In this short course we will explore the issues of team management and leadership applied in various settings. Students will learn about how failures in leadership evolve and how to prevent them; how to manage crises effectively; and how to build an organization that is less susceptible to significant preventable failures.

This short course will examine various cannabis legalization regimes, both domestically and internationally, with a focus on the market and financial aspects of legalization.

We will explore how to advise boards of directors, and private equity firms, when their companies face capital structure challenges.

The course will focus on the responsibilities of public company Boards of Directors and the issues Boards deal with from the routine to crisis management. Emphasis will be on practical knowledge which will enable lawyers to understand the Board process and how various aspects of law impact the Boardroom.

Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions of private companies is very different from public company transactions. This course explores the structuring and negotiating of private deals by strategic (another company) and financial (private equity) purchasers through detailed discussion of and exercises focused on actual transactions.

This short course will introduce students to the practice of "art law,' which lies at the intersection of several bodies of law. Contract doctrines such as meetings of minds, mistakes of fact, warranties, and good faith will be explored. The Uniform Commercial Code, which is the primary regulatory schema in the U.S. governing disputes over art transactions, including claims of looted art and fake art, will also be studied.

This short course focuses on public equity investing and related company analysis. The course is designed to give students a practical understanding of how professional equity investors at large investment firms analyze companies and make investment decisions.

"Tech giants now rank among the largest and most valuable companies in history. This course will explore the implications of ""big data"" and economic concentration in the New Economy, and whether and to what extent antitrust law is the proper mechanism to address issues like consumer privacy, filter bubbles, ""fake news,"" and the financial challenges facing journalism, print media, and brick-and-mortar businesses."

This course examines print and electronic research. Topics include basic primary and secondary sources, including legislative history and administrative law; using Lexis and Westlaw; research in specialized areas and transnational law; business and social science resources; the role of the Internet in legal research; and nontraditional approaches to finding legal information.

This course focuses on lawsuits against public officials and governments. The bulk of the course looks at constitutional and statutory claims brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Topics include what it means to act "under color of state law," absolute and qualified immunities, government liability for the acts of individual officials, monetary and injunctive relief and attorney's fees awards.

This course offers an intensive, albeit introductory, study of First Amendment law relating to freedom of speech and press (and corollary freedoms, such as freedom of political association).

This course will examine the basic principles in the application of the federal income tax to partnerships and their partners. Due to recent changes in the law, an increasing number of private firms, whether or not organized as partnerships, will be subject to these rules in the future. The course is taught by using problems that illustrate the principles discussed in class.

The course will examine the federal statutes and regulations relating to the sale of securities and the duties of issuers, underwriters, brokers, dealers, officers, directors, controlling persons, and other significant market participants. We will discuss the regulation of public and private offerings, trading markets, and disclosure and corporate governance of publicly traded companies.Enrollment not allowed in LAW 8016 or 8017 if either taken previously.

The course will cover intestate succession; requirements for the execution, revocation, republication, and revival of wills and codicils; probate procedure and grounds for will contests; requisites for the creation and termination of private trusts; inter vivos transactions that serve as will substitutes; planning for incapacity; and problems in the interpretation of wills.

In this course, students will learn in detail the rules and procedures associated with taking depositions in federal litigation. This is a hands-on, practical problem simulation course.Prerequisite: LAW 6000 Civil Procedure and LAW 6104 Evidence

A series of Law clinics. The series will be designated by different sections of the course.

This yearlong clinical course provides students the opportunity to brief and argue one or more appeals before a federal appeals court. The rules and procedures applicable in the federal appellate system will be examined. Fundamentals of oral and written appellate advocacy will be discussed, with a focus on each student's individual work project.

This is the first semester of a yearlong clinic. Students may represent children with legal issues in the areas of education law, laws governing access to services for incarcerated children, mental health and developmental disabilities law, and foster care and social services law. Students will be given an opportunity to work on policy issues.

The semester-long Criminal Defense Clinic provides a first-hand, experience-based study of the processes, techniques, strategy, and responsibilities of legal representation at the trial level.

This is the first semester of a yearlong clinic designed to give students first-hand experience in the practice of employment law, from both the plaintiff and defense side.

There is currently a groundswell for criminal justice reform. At the same time, much is being written about the lack of hard facts and reliable data to inform these changes. This is the first half course of a year-long clinic that aims to step into that void and take on collaborative projects to produce those hard facts and reliable data for all types of organizations in the criminal justice reform movement needing that information.

This is the first semester of a yearlong clinic where students develop trial skills using housing law as the substantive background, and eligible students appear and argue in local courts.

This clinic involves instruction and practical training in patent drafting as well as the negotiation and drafting of patent and software license agreements. Topics include the evaluation of inventions and computer software; preparation, filing and prosecution of patent applications; dealing with patent examiners; and researching intellectual property issues and technology transfer.

This is the first semester of a yearlong clinic in which students explore a range of practical, ethical, and intellectual issues involved in the discharge of a prosecutor's duties and responsibilities including discovery and exculpatory evidence, duty not to prosecute on less than probable cause, cross-warrant situations, prosecution of multiple defendants and joint trial, witness recantation and preparation, and improper argument at trial.

This is the first semester of a yearlong clinic introducing students to all aspects of current U.S. Supreme Court practice through live cases. Working on teams, students will handle actual cases from the seeking of Supreme Court review to briefing on the merits.

This is the first semester of a yearlong clinic to investigate three potential wrongful convictions of incarcerated individuals in the state of Virginia. One case will have forensic evidence (usually DNA) that could potentially be tested, and two will be non-DNA cases. Student will interview potential clients and witnesses, review case files, collect records, search court files and more.

This is the first semester of a yearlong clinical course providing students the opportunity to work with nonprofit organizations and assist with legal issues in their formation and day-to-day operations.

This is the first semester of a yearlong clinical course offering law students the opportunity to gain practical legal experience involving timely free speech and press issues.

This is the first semester of a year-long clinical course that gives students first-hand experience in human rights advocacy under the supervision of international human rights lawyers.

The Environmental Law and Community Engagement Clinic fits within the Law School's Program in Law, Communities, and the Environment (PLACE). Students in this semester-long clinic have the opportunity to work on real-world environmental cases in a variety of venues - before courts, administrative agencies and public utility commissions.

This is the first semester of a yearlong course that requires students to participate in case work in both the fall and spring semesters. Students will learn basic information about various consumer protection statutes while doing exercises covering the entire range of client representation.

This is the first semester of a yearlong clinic in which students represent low-income clients in a variety of legal matters pertaining to their health needs.

In this 1st semester of a year-long clinic, clients come from diverse backgrounds and frequently have unusual factual scenarios that bring them to the doors of Legal Aid. Students will be expected to work with the clients and understand what they want and what can be pursued through available legal mechanisms. The Clinic will focus on complicated asylum cases arising out of emerging areas of the law as well as other cases.

In this clinic, students will work on cases that have potential to provide real and concrete relief and legal support to people and communities that have been harmed by the criminalization of poverty and other forms of discrimination or deprivation of rights. Students will provide direct representation to individual clients as well as engage in impact advocacy.

This course deals with legal and business issues that arise in representing emerging-growth technology companies, with a particular emphasis on venture capital transactions, liquidity events, intellectual property, and corporate formation, governance, and capital structure.

The purpose of this clinic is for students to explore how mass incarceration was created and how it is maintained; to interrogate how and why the attendant consequences of contact with the criminal justice system all but guarantee unemployment / underemployment, housing instability / homelessness, financial insecurity, and re-incarceration; and to develop the legal skills to support formerly incarcerated people and their families with resolving the collateral consequences of incarceration, while empowering their clients and the communities to which they return to create sustainable systemic change and drive community economic development.

This seminar will consider the theory and practice of drug product liability litigation lawsuits before, and now after, the Supreme Court's recent landmark decision in Wyeth v. Levine (2009). We will consider the legal principles governing such lawsuits, such as inadequate warning; the learned intermediary doctrine; and medical causation.

This is the 1st semester of a year-long course using a mock litigation as a lens for studying issues in international tax law. The case study may implicate domestic tax law of any jurisdiction, tax treaties, and EU law. Students will be given a fact-pattern and will identify legal issues raised by the fact pattern. Students will draft briefs for both the government and taxpayer on the issues raised by the mock litigation.

This course is the first half of a year-long clinic. Students in this clinic provide research and analytical assistance to members of the Virginia General Assembly, officials in state executive branch agencies, and/or local government officials as they develop legislative or policy proposals and, when appropriate, assist their government clients in advocating for the proposals or legislative ideas they develop.

The Community Solutions Clinic teaches structured, team-based problem solving through collaborative engagement with community groups.

This course builds on work undertaken in the introductory clinic, giving students an opportunity to progress in litigation, policy, and community education projects.

This is the first semester of a yearlong practicum in which selected upper-level students serve as teaching assistants in the law school's Legal Research and Writing Program.

This course introduces LL.M. students to the fundamentals of U.S. legal research materials, methods, and strategies as well as various forms of legal writing.

This field experience is one part of a two-part full-time externship combining academic study and work experience under the supervision of a faculty member and an educational, charitable, governmental or nonprofit host organization.

This directed study is one part of a two-part full-time externship combining academic study and work experience under the supervision of a faculty member and an educational, charitable, governmental or nonprofit host organization.

This field experience is one part of a two-part externship combining academic study and work experience under the supervision of a faculty member and an educational, charitable, governmental or nonprofit host organization.

This directed study is one part of a two-part externship combining academic study and work experience under the supervision of a faculty member and an educational, charitable, governmental or nonprofit host organization.

This field experience is one part of a two-part full-time Washington, DC externship combining academic study and work experience under the supervision of a faculty member and an educational, charitable, governmental or nonprofit host organization.

This directed study is one part of a two-part full-time Washington, DC externship combining academic study and work experience under the supervision of a faculty member and an educational, charitable, governmental or nonprofit host organization.

Eligible students receive credit for serving as research assistants supervised by selected law school faculty members.

This course is a semester-long independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is a semester-long independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member

This course is a semester-long independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is the first semester of a yearlong independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is the second semester of a yearlong independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is the first semester of a yearlong independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

This course is the second semester of a yearlong independent research project resulting in a substantial research paper supervised and graded by a selected law school faculty member.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the fall semester of their third year.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the fall semester of their third year.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the fall semester of their third year.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the spring semester of their second year or first semester of their third year.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the fall semester of their third year.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the fall semester of their third year.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the fall semester of their third year.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the fall semester of their third year.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the fall semester of their third year.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the fall semester of their third year.

Selected students may participate in this international exchange program during the fall semester of their third year.

Eligible students receive 2 credits for participating in a sustained, productive and educationally valuable project for at least 85 hours of work supervised by an eligible faculty member.

This course is the first semester of a yearlong international combined-degree with University Paris 1 Pantheon - Sorbonne Law School and Sciences Po/Paris in which selected students can participate during their third year.

The fellow for the International Tax Practicum will be a rising 3L, typically one who took the Practicum in the previous year. The fellow will work with the instructor to develop tax-treaty practice problems and litigation scenarios to be completed by the students; give students written feedback on their responses to the problems and/or cases, and meet with students (together with the instructor) to provide oral feedback.

In this seminar students will examine the law's treatment of children's rights. Students will explore the current state of the law regarding the complexities involved with assigning rights and responsibilities to children and those who care for them, and the barriers and limitations courts and legislatures confront when making decisions regarding children.

What constitutes powerful storytelling in literature and the law? How does literature make truth and justice claims? And what can we learn from literature about how to craft compelling stories on behalf of our clients? We¿ll explore these questions and more through our investigation of literary and legal texts after a brief theoretical grounding in law and literature.

This seminar involves participants in simultaneously examining responses to climate change from law and from ethics in order to ask questions about the relation of regulatory instruments and moral culture.

This course will explore the development of the American administrative state from the nineteenth century through the present. We will engage political and theoretical debates over the bureaucratic state's role, and its implications for democracy and inequality.

This seminar will examine the contours of the police power, the foundational government power to regulate health, safety, and morals. Particular attention will be paid to the limits placed on the police power by the due process and takings clauses of the Constitution, as well as to the expansive use of the police power in times of crisis.

The course will provide an in-depth look at the roles played by lawyers and investment bankers in advising boards of directors of target and acquirer companies as well as those played by other transactional professionals. Emphasis will be on how the case law and various state statutes and SEC regulations inform the acquisition process.

This seminar will examine the Supreme Court by intensive study of the Court's most recent Term, October Term 2008, which concludes in June 2009. After a brief introduction to the workings of the Court, the seminar will closely examine the most significant decisions from last Term.

This course treats oral advocacy as an effort to persuade any audience of the merits of a cause or proposal and of the credibility of the proponent. The first seven weeks treat advocacy in settings outside the courtroom. The last half deals with advocacy in the most common trial settings: direct and cross-examination, opening statements, closing arguments and appellate advocacy. Mutually Exclusive with LAW 7626, 9055, and 9185.

This seminar is a deep dive into the role of race in American public education. It will trace the arc of school desegregation and school integration law, from the early civil rights struggles and litigation strategy that lead up to the Supreme Court's seminal pronouncement in Brown v. Board of Education through the ongoing challenges to more equitable, integrated public schools in the present day.

Reproductive Rights and Justice explores the economic, political, legal, and social factors that influence procreation and parenting.

Each student in this seminar will draft legislation and supporting documentation on an issue of particular interest to the student. Each student will be required to prepare a draft statute, and a supporting commentary of usual seminar paper length.

This course explores a wide range topics on what leadership in the public interest advocacy space entails.

In this seminar, students are prepared for work in the trial court and for the atmosphere of the courtroom. Students will be given the opportunity to perform one or more of the functions of trial lawyers on their feet, such as direct and cross examination, opening statements, handling of exhibits, objections, and closing argument.

This is the first semester of a yearlong seminar designed to enhance students' understanding of ethical issues and address the broader ethical and moral responsibilities of the lawyer as citizen and leader.

This is a 1-term version of the seminar designed to enhance students' understanding of ethical issues and address the broader ethical and moral responsibilities of the lawyer as citizen and leader.

This course will introduce students to empirical methods and ask them to design an empirical legal study that contributes to an area of law. No experience with statistics or quantitative analysis is required or expected.

This course will examine the legal, economic, and political forces that have shaped American metropolitan areas with particular attention to the policies that have shaped American cities and suburbs. The course will consider issues such as sprawl, racial segregation, housing, education, land use, concentrated poverty, and community economic development.

This seminar will examine the role of international law and institutions in addressing major policy concerns that transcend the boundaries of individual states.

Financing the climate transition is expected to cost trillions of dollars in the coming decades. This seminar will examine how debt markets are (and aren't) adapting to fund adaptation to climate change. Issues discussed will include green bonds, sustainability-linked bonds and loans, carbon trading, and other related topics.

This seminar will survey the origins of the privacy torts and their trajectory in the courts and scholarship as well as barriers to their enforcement in the digital age.

This seminar will explore the genre of the judicial opinion. Topics relating to judicial style include prophetic dissents, uses of technical or colloquial language, and personal invective. We will also consider influences on judicial opinion-writing, and the effects of technological change.

Constitutions around the world guarantee sex equality, or gender justice, in a variety of ways: through general equality clauses, gender-specific non-discriminating guarantees, political and other quotas, reproductive and social rights, and a broader range of international human rights guarantees. This course will explore these provisions, and their interpretation via courts around the world.

What is neoliberalism? What distinguishes it from liberalism, libertarianism, and conservatism? What values, principles, and institutions, does neoliberalism promote? And what are the strongest moral, political, and philosophical arguments for them? What are the strongest objections? This course will address these questions by providing an introduction to neoliberal social, political, and legal thought and its main critics on both the left and the right.

This seminar commences with the basic principles of international arbitration, such as consent of the parties. It then examines arbitration proceedings, from the constitution of the tribunal to applicable rules of arbitral procedure.

This course explores the intersection among medicine, technology and the law. Topics may include human reproduction and birth, human genetics and the privacy and ownership of genetic information, death and dying, research involving human subjects, organ transplantation, and public health and bioterrorism.Prerequiste: Equivalent to LAW 7008

This course will look at the evolution of "Biglaw" institutions from the early days of law practice partnerships, why they developed, how they operate and what they look like today.

This is the first semester of a yearlong study project. Part of the class will be focused on identifying research topics in advance of a fieldwork trip to a site country to be determined. The second goal of the class is to practically prepare for human rights fieldwork.

This course will explore how economic reasoning informs constitutional and public law processes, including bargaining, voting, delegating, and enforcement. We will consider the incentive effects of legal rules and institutional designs and evaluate their implications for public and semi-public goods (like civil rights and international cooperation on climate change) and club and private goods (like welfare benefits and the right to immigrate).

This seminar will examine the extent to which constitutions and constitutionalism reflect the history, traditions, culture, and politics of a particular people. How do countries give voice, in their constitutional arrangements, to national impulses and aspirations? Using Anglo-American constitutionalism as a point of reference, we will consider what other countries do.

This seminar will consider the theory and practice of such lawsuits before, and now after, the Supreme Court's landmark decisions in Wyeth v. Levine (2009), Plia v. Mensing (2011), and Barnett v. Mutual Pharm. (2013).

This course will focus on federal criminal proceedings and introduce students to the stages of a federal prosecution by following a case from indictment through trial.

This seminar will explore the legal authorities underlying the executive branch's use of economic tools of national security, the role that Congress plays in authorizing and overseeing executive branch actions, and the role of courts in reviewing challenges from regulated parties.

This seminar is designed to teach the skills required of appellate advocates. We will begin with the necessary steps lawyers must take at the trial level to preserve issues for appeal and present an adequate record for appellate review.

This course will allow students to delve deeper into the theory and practice of representing nonprofit organizations. Throughout the term, students will have the opportunity to supplement their reading with hands-on simulated case studies.

The course will examine current developments and controversial issues in private securities litigation and SEC enforcement, as well as the special considerations raised by securities class actions.

This seminar will cover federal and Virginia housing law with a focus on issues affecting low income tenants and homeowners.

In each meeting, a leading scholar will present a current research paper using the methodology of law and social science.

An in-depth investigation of the legal, historical, and political contexts of Central American migration to the United States, with a particular focus on the current circumstances of immigrants attempting to seek asylum at the US-Mexico border. Students will explore the history of international law and geopolitics as they affect refugees and asylum seekers, and will evaluate recent policy decisions that have changed asylum law in the U.S.

This experiential class is devoted to helping students with the nuts and bolts of contract provisions typically encountered at law firms and corporate jobs. Beyond the basics, the main  portions  of  the  class will consist of review and  markup of specific  transactional documents accumulated from real life transactions, and then practice negotiations of small groups within the class, with feedback on substance and style.

This seminar will explore the development of separation of powers through litigation in the federal courts. How are checks and balances effectuated through the federal courts? What role, if any, should courts should have in public powers disputes? What is the effect of litigating powers disputes, rather than negotiating them?

This colloquium offers students the chance to engage with leading scholars exploring law's relationship to inequality. In each session we will discuss a current work of legal scholarship on inequality, first as a class, then in the following session with the author as our guest. Interested UVA law faculty will also be invited to attend. Students will leave the class having grappled with the most up-to-date research on topics involving law's role in reinforcing or challenging various forms of inequality, such as race, class, gender and sexuality, disability and their intersections.

This seminar examines the fundamental structural issues that states confront as they attempt to impose income taxes on cross-border transactions involving the movement of goods, services, capital, and individuals.

For doctoral research taken under the supervision of a dissertation director.