• MATH 4300

    Elementary Numerical Analysis
     Rating

    2.33

     Difficulty

    3.00

     GPA

    3.68

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Includes Taylor's theorem, solution of nonlinear equations, interpolation and approximation by polynomials, numerical quadrature. May also cover numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations, Fourier series, or least-square approximation. Prerequisite: MATH 3250 and computer proficiency.

  • MATH 3000

    Transition to Higher Mathematics
     Rating

    2.55

     Difficulty

    3.55

     GPA

    3.16

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Covers basic concepts with an emphasis on writing mathematical proofs. Topics include logic, sets, functions and relations, equivalence relations and partitions, induction, and cardinality. Prerequisite: Math 1320; and students with a grade of B or better in Math 3310, 3354, or any 5000-level Math course are not eligible to enroll in Math 3000.

  • MATH 1110

    Probability/Finite Mathematics
     Rating

    2.56

     Difficulty

    2.50

     GPA

    3.07

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Studies finite probability theory including combinatorics, equiprobable models, conditional probability and Bayes' theorem, expectation and variance, and Markov chains.

  • MATH 1210

    A survey of Calculus I
     Rating

    2.72

     Difficulty

    3.17

     GPA

    2.94

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    A first calculus course for business/biology/social-science students. Topics include limits and continuity/differentiation & integration of algebraic & elementary transcendental functions/applications to related-rates & optimization problems as well as to curve sketching & exponential growth. At most one of MATH 1190, MATH 1210, and MATH 1310 may be taken for credit.

  • MATH 1220

    A Survey of Calculus II
     Rating

    2.91

     Difficulty

    3.75

     GPA

    2.98

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    A second calculus course for business/biology/and social-science students. Topics include differential equations/infinite series/analysis of functions of several variables/analysis of probability density functions of continuous random variables. The course begins with a review of basic single-variable calculus. Prerequisite: MATH 1210 or equivalent; at most one of MATH 1220 and MATH 1320 may be taken for credit.

  • MATH 3100

    Introduction to Probability
     Rating

    3.11

     Difficulty

    3.53

     GPA

    3.28

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Introduces fundamental ideas of probability, the theory of randomness. Focuses on problem solving and understanding key theoretical ideas. Topics include sample spaces, counting, random variables, classical distributions, expectation, Chebyshev's inequality, independence, central limit theorem, conditional probability, generating functions, joint distributions. Prerequisite: MATH 1320 or equivalent. Strongly recommended: MATH 2310

  • MATH 2310

    Calculus III
     Rating

    3.18

     Difficulty

    3.61

     GPA

    3.21

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    A continuation of Calc I and II, this course is about functions of several variables. Topics include finding maxima and minima of functions of several variables/surfaces and curves in three-dimensional space/integration over these surfaces and curves. Additional topics: conservative vector fields/Stokes' and the divergence theorems/how these concepts relate to real world applications. Prerequisite: MATH 1320 or the equivalent.

  • MATH 1310

    Calculus I
     Rating

    3.18

     Difficulty

    3.77

     GPA

    2.91

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    A first calculus course for natural-science majors/students planning further work in mathematics/students intending to pursue graduate work in applied social sciences. Introduces differential & integral calculus for single-variable functions, emphasizing techniques/applications & major theorems, like the fundamental theorem of calculus. Prerequisite: Background in algebra/trigonometry/exponentials/logarithms/analytic geometry.

  • MATH 3340

    Complex Variables with Applications
     Rating

    3.25

     Difficulty

    3.25

     GPA

    3.13

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Covers functions of a complex variable that are complex differentiable and the unusual and useful properties of such functions. Some topics: Cauchy's integral formula/power series/the residue theorem/Rouché's theorem. Applications include doing real integrals using complex methods and applications to fluid flow in two dimensions. Prerequisite: MATH 2310.

  • MATH 4330

    Calculus on Manifolds
     Rating

    3.33

     Difficulty

    5.00

     GPA

    3.49

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Differential and integral calculus in Euclidean spaces. Implicit and inverse function theorems, differential forms and Stokes' theorem. Prerequisites: multivariable calculus, basic real analysis, linear algebra and one of the following: MATH 4310, MATH 4651, MATH 4770, MATH 3315, or instructor permission.

  • MATH 4652

    Introduction to Abstract Algebra
     Rating

    3.33

     Difficulty

    4.67

     GPA

    3.04

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Structural properties of basic algebraic systems such as groups, rings, and fields. A special emphasis is made on polynomials in one and several variables, including irreducible polynomials, unique factorization, and symmetric polynomials. Time permitting such topics as group representations or algebras over a field may be included. Prerequisites: MATH 3351 or 4651 and MATH 3354 or permission of the instructor.

  • MATH 1320

    Calculus II
     Rating

    3.35

     Difficulty

    4.01

     GPA

    2.98

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    A second calculus course for natural-science majors, students planning additional work in mathematics, and students intending to pursue graduate work in the applied social sciences. Topics include applications of the integral, techniques of integration, differential equations, infinite series, parametric equations, and polar coordinates. Prerequisite: MATH 1310 or equivalent; at most one of MATH 1220 and MATH 1320 may be taken for credit.

  • MATH 4110

    Introduction to Stochastic Processes
     Rating

    3.41

     Difficulty

    4.00

     GPA

    3.37

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Topics in probability selected from Random walks, Markov processes, Brownian motion, Poisson processes, branching processes, stationary time series, linear filtering and prediction, queuing processes, and renewal theory. Prerequisites: MATH 3100 and MATH 3351.

  • MATH 1140

    Financial Mathematics
     Rating

    3.49

     Difficulty

    2.42

     GPA

    3.26

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    The study of the mathematics needed to understand and answer a variety of questions that arise in everyday financial dealings. The emphasis is on applications, including simple and compound interest, valuation of bonds, amortization, sinking funds, and rates of return on investments. A solid understanding of algebra is assumed.

  • MATH 3310

    Basic Real Analysis
     Rating

    3.50

     Difficulty

    3.43

     GPA

    3.23

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    A rigorous development of the properties of the real numbers and the ideas of calculus including theorems on limits, continuity, differentiability, convergence of infinite series, and the construction of the Riemann integral. Students without prior experience constructing rigorous proofs are encouraged to take Math 3000 before or concurrently with Math 3310. Prerequisite: MATH 1320.

  • MATH 3351

    Elementary Linear Algebra
     Rating

    3.53

     Difficulty

    3.08

     GPA

    3.13

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Includes matrices, elementary row operations, inverses, vector spaces and bases, inner products and Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, orthogonal matrices, linear transformations and change of basis, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and symmetric matrices. Emphasis will be on the theory of the subject and abstract arguments. Credit is not given for both MATH 3350 and 3351. Prerequisite: MATH 1320.

  • MATH 1160

    Algebra, Number Systems, and Number Theory
     Rating

    3.60

     Difficulty

    1.40

     GPA

    3.77

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Studies basic concepts, operations, and structures occurring in number systems, number theory, and algebra. Inquiry-based student investigations explore historical developments and conceptual transitions in the development of number and algebraic systems.

  • MATH 3250

    Ordinary Differential Equations
     Rating

    3.72

     Difficulty

    3.23

     GPA

    3.29

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Introduces the methods, theory, and applications of differential equations. Includes first-order, second and higher-order linear equations, series solutions, linear systems of first-order differential equations, and the associated matrix theory. May include numerical methods, non-linear systems, boundary value problems, and additional applications. Prerequisite: MATH 1320 or its equivalent.

  • MATH 3354

    Survey of Algebra
     Rating

    3.82

     Difficulty

    4.00

     GPA

    3.18

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Surveys major topics of modern algebra: groups, rings, and fields. Presents applications to areas such as geometry and number theory; explores rational, real, and complex number systems, and the algebra of polynomials. Students without prior experience constructing rigorous proofs are encouraged to take Math 3000 before or concurrently with Math 3354. Prerequisite: MATH 1320.

  • MATH 3350

    Applied Linear Algebra
     Rating

    3.89

     Difficulty

    3.05

     GPA

    3.39

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Topics will include systems of linear equations, matrix operations and inverses, vector spaces and subspaces, determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, matrix factorizations, inner products and orthogonality, and linear transformations. Emphasis will be on applications, with computer software integrated throughout the course. The target audience for MATH 3350 is non-math majors from disciplines that apply tools from linear algebra. Credit is not given for both MATH 3350 and 3351.

  • MATH 4651

    Advanced Linear Algebra
     Rating

    4.10

     Difficulty

    4.14

     GPA

    3.45

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Review of topics from Math 3351: vector spaces, bases, dimension, matrices and linear transformations, diagonalization; however, the material is covered in greater depth and generality. The course continues with more advanced topics including Jordan canonical forms and introduction to bilinear forms. Prerequisites: a proof-based course and familiarity with computational aspects of elementary linear algebra. Math 3354 is strongly recommended

  • MATH 1190

    A Survey of Calculus I with Algebra
     Rating

    4.15

     Difficulty

    3.44

     GPA

    2.72

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    A first calculus course for business/biology/social-science students. Topics include college algebra/limits and continuity/differentiation and integration of algebraic and elementary transcendental functions/applications to related-rates & optimization problems as well as to curve sketching & exponential growth. At most one of MATH 1190, MATH 1210, and 1310 may be taken for credit. Prerequisite: No previous exposure to Calculus.

  • MATH 5700

    Introduction to Geometry
     Rating

    4.29

     Difficulty

    3.29

     GPA

    3.19

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Topics selected from analytic, affine, projective, hyperbolic, and non-Euclidean geometry. Prerequisite: MATH 2310, 3351, or instructor permission.

  • MATH 7310

    Real Analysis and Linear Spaces I
     Rating

    4.33

     Difficulty

    5.00

     GPA

    3.57

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Introduces measure and integration theory. Prerequisite: MATH 5310 or equivalent.

  • MATH 1150

    The Shape of Space
     Rating

    4.67

     Difficulty

    2.00

     GPA

    3.76

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Provides an activity and project-based exploration of informal geometry in two and three dimensions. Emphasizes visualization skill, fundamental geometric concepts, and the analysis of shapes and patterns. Topics include concepts of measurement, geometric analysis, transformations, similarity, tessellations, flat and curved spaces, and topology.

  • MATH 3315

    Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra II
     Rating

    5.00

     Difficulty

    5.00

     GPA

    3.65

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    This course is a continuation of MATH 2315. Covers topics from linear algebra/differential equations/real analysis. Success in this course and MATH 2315 (grades of B- or higher) exempts the student from the math major requirement of taking MATH 3351 and MATH 3250. Students are encouraged to take more advanced courses in these areas. Prerequisite: MATH 2315.

  • MATH 4140

    Mathematics of Derivative Securities
     Rating

    5.00

     Difficulty

    4.00

     GPA

    3.21

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    This class introduces students to the mathematics used in pricing derivative securities. Topics include a review of the relevant probability theory of conditional expectation and martingales/the elements of financial markets and derivatives/pricing contingent claims in the binomial & the finite market model/(time permitting) the Black-Scholes model. Prerequisites: MATH 3100, MATH 3351 and a proof-based course (MATH 3000, MATH 3310 or MATH 3354).

  • MATH 4250

    Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    3.56

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    A second course in ordinary differential equations, from the dynamical systems point of view. Topics include: existence and uniqueness theorems; linear systems; qualitative study of equilibria and attractors; bifurcation theory; introduction to chaotic systems. Further topics as chosen by the instructor. Applications drawn from physics, biology, and engineering. Prerequisites: MATH 3351 or APMA 3080 and MATH 3310 or MATH 4310.

  • MATH 4559

    New Course in Mathematics
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    This course provides the opportunity to offer a new topic in the subject of mathematics.

  • MATH 4840

    Introduction to Mathematical Research
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    3.78

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    This course will introduce students to the techniques and methods of mathematical research. Students will independently work with mathematical literature on a topic assigned by the instructor and present their findings in various formats (presentation, paper etc.).

  • MATH 4901

    Distinguished Major Thesis
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    This is the second semester of a two semester sequence for the purpose of the completion of a Distinguished Major Thesis. A faculty member guides the student through all phases of the process which culminates in an open presentation of the thesis to an audience including a faculty evaluation committee. Prerequisite: MATH 4900.

  • MATH 4993

    Independent Study
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    3.96

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Reading and study programs in areas of interest to individual students. For third- and fourth-years interested in topics not covered in regular courses. Students must obtain a faculty advisor to approve and direct the program.

  • MATH 5896

    Supervised Study in Mathematics
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    A rigorous program of supervised study designed to expose the student to a particular area of mathematics. Prerequisite: Instructor permission and graduate standing.

  • MATH 7010

    Seminar on Research in Mathematics
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    3.83

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    This seminar discusses the issues related to research in Mathematics. There are speakers from the different areas of mathematics represented at the University of Virginia. Credit may not be used towards a Master's degree. Prerequisite: Graduate standing in mathematics.

  • MATH 7752

    Algebra II
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    3.37

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Studies groups, rings, fields, modules, tensor products, and multilinear functions. Prerequisite: MATH 5651, 5652, or equivalent.

  • MATH 7754

    Algebra IV
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    3.91

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Further topics in algebra.

  • MATH 7800

    Algebraic Topology I
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    3.57

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Topics include the fundamental group, covering spaces, covering transformations, the universal covering spaces, graphs and subgroups of free groups, and the fundamental groups of surfaces. Additional topics will be from homology, including chain complexes, simplicial and singular homology, exact sequences and excision, cellular homology, and classical applications. Prerequisite: MATH 5352, 5770, or equivalent.

  • MATH 7830

    Fiber Bundles
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Examines fiber bundles; induced bundles, principal bundles, classifying spaces, vector bundles, and characteristic classes, and introduces K-theory and Bott periodicity. Prerequisite: MATH 7800.

  • MATH 8310

    Operator Theory I, II
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Topics in the theory of operators on a Hilbert space and related areas of function theory.

  • MATH 8360

    Stochastic Calculus and Differential Equations
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    This course presents the basic theory of stochastic differential equations and provides examples of its applications. It is an essential topic for students preparing to do research in probability. Topics covered include a review of the relevant stochastic process and martingale theory; stochastic calculus including Ito's formula; existence and uniqueness for stochastic differential equations, strong Markov property; and applications. Prerequisite: MATH 7360 and 7370, or instructor permission.

  • MATH 8380

    Random Matrices
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Discusses fundamental problems and results of the theory of random matrices, and their connections to tools of algebra and combinatorics: Wigner's semicircle law, free probability, Gaussian, circular, and beta ensembles of random matrices, bulk and edge asymptotics and universality, Dyson's Brownian motion, determinantal point processes, and discrete analogues of random matrix models. Prerequisite: MATH 7360 or instructor permission.

  • MATH 8620

    Algebraic Geometry
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    3.93

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Studies the foundations of algebraic geometry.

  • MATH 8750

    Topology of Manifolds
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    3.88

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Studies regular and critical values, gradient flow, handle decompositions, Morse theory, h-cobordism theorem, Dehn's lemma in dimension 3, and disk theorem in dimension 4. Prerequisite: Math 5770.

  • MATH 8851

    Group Theory
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Studies the basic structure theory of groups, especially finite groups.

  • MATH 9010

    Ramanujan-Serre Seminar
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Discusses topics from number theory.

  • MATH 9250

    Harmonic Analysis and PDEs
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Harmonic Analysis and PDEs seminar

  • MATH 9310

    Operator Theory Seminar
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Operator Theory Seminar

  • MATH 9410

    Galois-Grothendieck Seminar
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Galois-Grothendieck Seminar

  • MATH 9450

    Mathematical Physics Seminar
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Mathematical Physics Seminar

  • MATH 9820

    Geometry and Topology Seminar
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Discusses subjects from geometry and topology.

  • MATH 9950

    Algebra Seminar
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Algebra Seminar

  • MATH 9995

    Independent Research
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    Independent Research

  • MATH 9998

    Non-Topical Research, Preparation for Doctoral Research
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    For doctoral research, taken before a dissertation director has been selected.

  • MATH 9999

    Non-Topical Research
     Rating

     Difficulty

     GPA

    Last Taught

    Spring 2025

    The Mathematics Colloquium is held weekly, the sessions being devoted to research activities of students and faculty members, and to reports by visiting mathematicians on current work of interest. For doctoral dissertation, taken under the supervision of a dissertation director.